Aeroflot Russian Airlines is the national carrier of Russia and one of the oldest airlines in the world, tracing its origins to 1923. It operates an extensive domestic and international network, serving destinations across Europe, Asia, the Americas, and beyond from its primary hub at Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. The airline has modernized significantly since the Soviet era, building one of the youngest and most fuel-efficient fleets among major carriers. It became a member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance in 2006, strengthening its international connectivity and codeshare partnerships. Following Western sanctions imposed in 2022 in response to the invasion of Ukraine, Aeroflot faced severe restrictions on international operations, losing access to airspace and aircraft leasing from Western companies. The airline significantly curtailed its international network and shifted focus toward domestic routes and destinations in friendly countries.